Therefore, an evolution took place that converted the francis turbine to. Francis turbines are the most common water turbine in use today. Cfd approach for flow characteristics of hydraulic francis turbine ruchi khare assistant professor department of civil engineering, m. Ppt on francis and kaplan turbine turbine mechanics. The gases expand doing work and finally exhausts outside.
Francis turbine is one of the most widely used turbine s. Losses in francis turbines npsh main dimensions francis turbines. It is most efficient hydro turbine we have till date. Svartisen p 350 mw h 543 m q 371,5 m s d 0 4,86 m d 1 4,31m d 2 2,35 m b 0 0,28 m n 333 rpm. Francis turbine free download as powerpoint presentation. Pelton turbine pelton turbine is a tangential flow impulse. A brief discussion on a the design philosophy during the last 60 years with will be presented. In many modern francis mixedflow hydroturbines, the flow exiting the turbine swirls in a direction opposite to that of the runner itself. Penstock input pipes diameters are between 1 and 10 meters 3 and 33 feet.
The francis turbine was invented by the american inventor james b. In francis turbine water flow is radial into the turbine and exits the turbine axially. Ppt on francis and kaplan turbine used to convert one form of energy into other. First, a theoretical design was performed for determining the main characteristics where it showed an efficiency of 94%. Water particle water from spiral casing r a d i a l r a d a l runner guide ivanes runner guide vanes v i e w v e w andi stay vanes and stay vanes 16. For generation of electricity in thermal power plants, steam turbines are used coal fuel oil or nuclear power provides the primary source of energy. Francis turbine is used for the production of electricity in hydro power stations. Francis turbine is the first hydraulic turbine with radial inflow. Francis turbine diagram, working, parts, advantages. Find powerpoint presentations and slides using the power of, find free presentations research about kaplan turbine ppt. Hydraulic turbines fundamental operating parameters classification impulse turbines pelton turbines reaction turbines radial flow. What is the difference between a pelton wheel and the francis and. Reaction water turbines generate power from the combined action of pressure and moving water. They operate in a water head from 40 to 600 m to 2,000 ft and are used primarily for electrical power production.
Evolution of original pelton wheel into modern pelton wheel. Francis turbine working principle, main parts, diagram and. Francis turbine converts energy at high pressure heads which are not easily available and hence a turbine was required to convert the energy at low pressure heads, given that the quantity of water was large enough. Characteristics of francis turbine they operate in a water head from 10 to 650 meters 33 to 2,3 feet. The francis turbine is an inward flow reaction turbine and is used in devices with a wide variety of head and flow. This governinf gives better performance since the force required for operation of francis turbine guide vanes is much more compared to pelton turbine. It is a large size conduit which conveys water from the upstream to the damreservoir to the turbine runner. Water pressure decreases as it passes through the turbine imparting reaction on the turbine blades making the turbine rotate. Francis turbine references cameroon, 2 horizontal francis. It sucks in air from the atmosphere, compresses it.
There is no cavitation because water jet strikes only a specific portion of the runner. The difference between the propeller and kaplan turbines is that the propeller turbine has fixed runner blades while the kaplan. Design analysis of parts of francis turbine powerpoint ppt presentation. Penstock spiral casing guide vanes stay vanes runner and runner blades draft tube spiral casing 14. Francis turbine is a combination of both impulse and reaction turbine, where the blades rotate using both reaction and impulse force of water flowing through them producing electricity more efficiently. It is the casing around the turbine wheel and it evenly distributes the water around the circumference of the wheel. Design, performance and maintenance of francis turbines. Due to control of both guide and moving vanes, the kaplan turbine gives better efficiency over wide range of load as compared to francis turbine. Prime movers and governing systems ppt video online download. Ppt turbines powerpoint presentation free to download. Open channel flow specific energy and rapid transitions hydraulic jumps slowly varying flow open channel control structures 3. To view this presentation, youll need to allow flash. The francis turbine is a mixed flow reaction turbine.
They operate in a water head from 40 to 600 m to 2,000 ft and are used. The choice of water turbine depends on the site conditions, notably on the head of water h and the water flow rate q. Area of crosssection of a scroll casing reduces uniformly from maximum at the entrance. Francis turbines are hydro turbines with widest range of application featured with high efficiency, selflubricating bearings with higher specifications and ecofriendly applicable for dam based projects. Turbines are used in boat propulsion systems, hydroelectric power generators, and jet aircraft engines. An efficiency assessment analysis of a modified gravitational pelton. The fluid enters from the penstock to a spiral casing which completely surrounds the runner. This video explains the technical points of francis turbines, which are often integrated into pumpedstorage plants for power production. It is an inwardflow reaction turbine that combines radial and axial flow concepts. The cfd approach for prediction of efficiency of a 3 mw capacity horizontal axis francis turbine is presented. Our steam turbines serve a vast range of industries ranging from food and sugar to biomass and textiles and beyond. Introduction a turbine is a rotary mechanical device that extracts energy from a fluid flow and converts it into useful work. Find powerpoint presentations and slides using the power of, find free presentations research about francis turbine ppt.
The savonius wind turbine is an aerodynamically drag based, selfstarting turbine with low cut in speed but their inefficiency curtails them to fewer applications, whereas, darrieus wind turbines. The rated head and discharge for the turbine were 48 m and 7. Turbine is a general term for any device that extracts mechanical energy from a fluid generally converting it to rotating energy of a turbine wheel. Mixed flow turbine is also used in irrigation water pumping sets to pump water from ground for irrigation. Here importance of turbine runner, runner blade shape, spiral casing and draft tube. It operates under medium heads and requires medium quantity of flow. Francis turbines hydro turbines manufacturers and suppliers. The chapter is included to give an assembled presentation of. The efficiency of a turbine is highly influenced by its runner wheel and this work aims to study the design of a kaplan turbine runner wheel. At full load, the axisymmetric cavitation vortex rope, developing in francis turbine acts as an internal source of energy leading to instability called selfexcited surge. Francis turbine its components, working and application. Consists of a spiral casing enclosing a number of stationary guide blades fixed all round the circumference of an inner ring of moving blades vanes forming the runner, which is keyed to the.
Design analysis of parts of francis turbine ppt download. Jan 23, 2018 francis turbine is the most widely used turbine in hydropower plants to generate electricity. View and download powerpoint presentations on francis turbine ppt. The francis turbine is the most commonly used turbine today to generate hydroelectricity. The kaplan is of the propeller type, similar to an airplane propeller. They are often used in large hydroelectric dam systems. Functions of spiral casing, guide vanes, runner blades, blade pitching and draft tube. The velocity triangle at inlet and outlet of the francis turbine is drawn in the same way as in case of inward flow creation turbine. The kaplan turbine is a great development of early 20th century. Francis in 1849 developed the radial turbine, named francis turbine. The parameters of turbine runner affect the hydraulic performance of turbines. Dec 26, 2019 the crest of spillway is kept at full reservoir level. It is an inwardflow reaction turbine that combines radial and axial flow concepts francis turbines are the most common water turbine in use today.
The francis turbine is a type of water turbine that was developed by james b. A francis turbine ahs the following main components. Pumps, turbines and pipe networks moment of momentum revisited types of pumps and turbines and uses pumppipe systems, networks 2. The only difference is instead of the reciprocating motion, gas turbine uses a rotary motion throughout.
Governing system or digital elecrohydraulic system authorstream. Evolution from francis turbine to kaplan turbine wikipedia. Impulse turbines are suited for large h and a low q, e. Francis turbines are the most commonly used hydro turbines. Hydraulic design of francis turbine exposed to sediment. Water turbine is used to convert energy contained in water, potential energy or kinetic energy, into mechanical or electrical energy. Find powerpoint presentations and slides using the power of, find free. Working of francis turbine is explained in this video in a step by step logical manner, with help of animation. Optimized selection and sizing for high efficiency delivered with highquality selflubricating bearings as standard which have higher specifications and are environmentfriendly. Hydraulic turbines and hydroelectric power plants 1.
To study constructional features of francis turbine bme. Reaction turbine francis, kaplan and propeller turbine. To study constructional features of francis turbine bme lab. View francis turbine ppts online, safely and virusfree. The turbine powered generator power output generally ranges from 10 to 750 megawatts. For liquids, we usually call them hydraulic turbines or hydroturbines. Ppt on francis and kaplan turbine free download as powerpoint presentation.
The francis turbine is an inward flow reaction turbine which was designed and developed by the american engineer james b. The computational model consists of spiral casing, 18 numbers of stay vanes and guide vanes, runner having numbers of blades and a draft tube. With help of 3d animation working and design aspects of a kaplan turbine is elaborated in this video lecture. It has fewer parts as compared to franciss turbine which has both fixed vanes and guided vanes.
Abstract the aim for turbine design is to increase the efficiency and avoid cavitation and fractures during operation. Examples losses in francis turbines npsh main dimensions. Steam power plant ppt steam power plant presentations. May 02, 20 with help of 3d animation working and design aspects of a kaplan turbine is elaborated in this video lecture. National institute of technology, bhopal, madhya pradesh, india dr. L argesized francis turbine s are commonly used at hydraulic head range of 20700m. Ppt reverse francis turbine powerpoint presentation. Water enters the runner of the turbine in the radial direction and leaves the runner in the axial direction.
The overall efficiency of the pelton turbine is high. Francis turbines have widest range of applications and are generally used for sites having medium head and medium discharge. Ppt kaplan turbine powerpoint presentation free to. Francis turbine is an inward flow reaction turbine having radial discharge at outlet.
It was easy to convert high pressure heads to power easily but difficult to do so for low pressure heads. Prime movers and governing systems ppt video online download 2 hydraulic turbines and governing systems. Mar 21, 20 a francis turbine is a mixed flow turbine in which the water enters at the circumference of the runner and travels towards the axis of the runner. This design system is applied to a low head francis turbine runner. Vishnu prasad associate professor department of civil engineering, m. In mwchanism of mechnism streams the flow govegning excess during one period and deficient during another period for its regulation artificial storage is needed. Introduction to surface water hydrology hydrologic cycle.
Its complex parameters cause direct effect on the global parameters which change the. Gas turbine functions in the same way as the compressed ignition engine. Examples francis turbine, kaplan turbine, propeller turbine, thompson turbine, bulb turbine. There are two types of water turbine, the reaction water turbine and the impulse water turbine. This turbine is used for medium heads with medium discharge. It is efficient over a wide range of water head and flow rate. Jul 24, 20 working of francis turbine is explained in this video in a step by step logical manner, with help of animation. It is the water ways used to carry the water from the reservoir to the turbine. Ppt design analysis of parts of francis turbine powerpoint. View and download powerpoint presentations on kaplan turbine ppt. It was designed by american scientist james francis. Majorly there are 2 turbines flow patterns on which they work, namely radial and. Design and analysis of a kaplan turbine runner wheel. Modern francis turbine is a mixed flow type turbine i.
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